生物表面活性剂：鼠李糖脂和槐糖脂
Surfactants or surface-active compounds are a structurally diverse group of molecules consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains that tend to partition preferentially at the interface between fluid phases. Surfactants are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cleaning industries. Throughout the years surfactants have been produced from petrochemical raw materials. During the last decades the environmental awareness, has become more important issues in the study, development and application of surfactants. In this respect micro-organisms are a potential source of (novel) biodegradable surfactants. With the advantages of biodegradability, low ecotoxicity and the production on renewable-resource substrates, biosurfactants may eventually replace their chemically synthesised counterparts.
Most known biosurfactants are glycolipids. They are carbohydrates in combination with long-chain aliphatic acids or hydroxyalyphatic acids. Rhamnolipids, in wich one or two molecules of rhamnose are linked to one or two molecules of ß-hydroxydecanoic acid, are the best studied glycolipids. The production was first describes for Pseudomonas aeroginosa . Another promising group of glycolipids are sophorolipids. They are produced by yeasts such as Candida bombicola and consist out of the dissacharide sophorose linked to a long-chain hydroxy fatty acid. Both biosurfactants are studied at InBio.be with the aim to produce them in a sufficient amount so that they can also compete with their chemical counterparts on the economical level.
专业术语：
生物表面活性剂Bio-Surfactants
鼠李糖脂（Rhamnolipid），槐糖脂（sophorolipid）
English
